Question 31-40
Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

Transhumance

Two Types of Transhumance

• fixed: mainly in countries with predictable seasons, e.g. Switzerland

• nomadic: in areas with unpredictable climatic conditions, e.g. Somalia

Study on the Movement of Pastoralists

• for fixed transhumance, the pattern of movement is described as 31.……………

• while for nomadic transhumance, the pattern is more complex and varied

Differences in terms of Homes

• fixed transhumance live in a semi-permanent shelter on high ground such as 32.…………… 

• nomadic transhumance always stay in portable shelters, e.g. homes of the Gabra people carried on 33.……………

Number of People Involved

• for fixed transhumance, only 34.…………… pastoralists make the journey

• however, all nomadic transhumance migrate with their livestock

Diet and Goods

• people who do not leave the valleys may become 35.……………

• exchange animals with other communities for 36.……………

• herds provide all needs-food and 37.……………

Research in Algeria in North Africa

• they traditionally arrive in time to help local residents with the 38.……………

• their homes are 39.…………… which are temporary shelters

• a better term to describe this type of transhumance might be 40.……………